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Preliminaries
1	INNOVATIVE TECHNIQUES IN STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING COMPUTATION: PLENARY INVITED PAPER
1.1	From Continua to Discontinua - A Combined Finite Element / Discrete Element Modelling in Civil Engineering N. Bicanic, A. Munjiza, D.R.J. Owen and N. Petrinic	1
2	TECHNIQUES FOR STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
2.1	The Galerkin Method Applied to Compressive Membrane Action C.T. Morley and A.A. Olonisakin	15
2.2	Non-Linear Combinatorial Force Method A. Mokhtar-zadeh and A. Kaveh	21
2.3	Recursive Boundary Enhancement (RBE), an Algorithm for Computational Portraits of Basins of Attraction in Non-Linear Dynamical Systems N.A. Alexander	29
2.4	Analysis of Pantographic Deployable Structures using Pantograph Stiffness Matrix A. Davaran and A. Kaveh	37
2.5	Solving Non-Linear Elliptic Difference Equations by Explicit Preconditioning Semi-Direct Methods E.A. Lipitakis and A.S. Piperakis	45
2.6	Substructuring for the Combinatorial Force Method of Structural Analysis A. Kaveh, G.R. Roosts and A. Mokhtar-Zadeh	53
2.7	Efficient Solution Procedures For the Stochastic Finite Element Analysis of Space Frames using the Monte Carlo Simulation V. Papadopoulos and M. Papadrakakis	61
2.8	Modelling of Laterally Loaded Pipelines using Elastic Beam on Elastic Foundation Approach C.F. Ng, I.C. Pyrah and W.F. Anderson	71
3	DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURES
3.1	Long Span Bridge Dynamics - Modal Eigen-Response and Mass Participation J.G. Beith and T.J.A. Agar	77
3.2	The Dynamic Behaviour of Elastic Steel Columns G.H. Little	83
3.3	Improved Identification and Control of Structures using a Modified State Space SVD-based Algorithm M. Abdelghani, L. Fekih-Ahmed and B. Crosnier	95
4	FINITE ELEMENT TECHNOLOGY
4.1	Evaluation of Accuracy of an Enhanced Finite Element F. Molenkamp, C.B. Sharma and E. Lewis	101
4.2	A Family of Elements to Model Power Type Singularity M.M. Abdel Wahab and G. De Roeck	109
4.3	Some Consistent Finite Element Formulations of 1-D Beam Models: A Comparative Study J.M. Ortuzar and A. Samartin	117
4.4	The Effect of the Integration Order Used for the Formation of Fluid Surface Stiffness on the Behavior of Fluid Y. Calayir and A.A. Dumanoglu	133
4.5	Finite Element Nodal Ordering Methods A. Kaveh and M. Malek-Zadeh	141
4.6	Reliable Finite Element Analysis through Decomposition of the Idealisation Process R. Vignjevic, A.J. Morris and A.D. Belegundu	149
5	OBJECT-ORIENTED FINITE ELEMENT TECHNIQUES
5.1	Object-Oriented Finite Element Techniques: Towards a General Purpose Environment Th. Zimmermann, P. Bomme, D. Eyheramendy, L. Vernier and S. Commend	161
5.2	Object Oriented Finite Element Analysis (I) Matrix Operations M.N. Zaher, A.Y. Akl and H.M. Emam	173
5.3	Object Oriented Finite Element Analysis (II) the Finite Element Procedure M.N. Zaher, A.Y. Akl and H.M. Emam	187
6	BOUNDARY ELEMENT METHODS
6.1	Boundary Element Analysis of Gravitational Loading on Structures A.A. Becker and M.J.A. Mihsein	197
7	ADAPTIVE FINITE ELEMENT PROCEDURES
7.1	Adaptive Finite Element Analysis of Stiffened Shells J.W. Bull, P. Bettes, I. Appelgarth, L.Y. Li and T. Bond	205
7.2	Comparison of Adaptive Procedures for Coupled Finite Element Analysis of Thermal Strain History During Continuous Solidification Processes J.R. Boehmer, G. Funk, M. Jordan and F.N. Fett	211
8	MATERIALS MODELLING
8.1	Application of a Kinematic Elasto-Plastic Soil Model to Monotonic and Cyclic Loading P.K. Woodward	229
9	HOMOGENIZATION TECHNIQUES
9.1	Continuous Modelling of Lattice Structures by Homogenization H. Tollenaere and D. Cailleire	239
9.2	Continuum Modeling of Lattice Structures in Large Displacement Framework G. Moreau and D. Caillerie	245
10	SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS AND APPROXIMATION CONCEPTS FOR STRUCTURAL OPTIMIZATION
10.1	An Improved Reanalysis Method for Grillage-Type Structures U. Kirsch and F. Moses	253
10.2	The Theorems of Structural Variation for Solid Cubic Elements M.P. Saka	261
10.3	Sensitivity Analysis of Shells Undergoing Static Deformation or Free Vibration S.M.B. Afonso and E. Hinton	273
11	STRUCTURAL OPTIMIZATION
11.1	Retrofit of Structures by Optimal Distribution of Clearances M.B. Fuchs and R. Halevy	287
11.2	Optimum Design of Nonlinear Elastic Framed Domes M.P. Saka and E. Kameshki	295
11.3	Search Mechanisms for Discrete Structural Optimization Problems S. Shanmuganathan and S. Manoharan	305
12	TOPOLOGICAL AND SHAPE OPTIMIZATION
12.1	Fast Topological Design in Bidimensional Elasticity J.E. Souza de Cursi	313
12.2	Some Experiences in Structural Topology Optimization E. Hinton and B. Hassani	323
12.3	Computational Form Finding and Layout of Plate, Shell, and Membrane Structures by Structural Optimization K.-U. Bletzinger	333
12.4	Studies with a Robust and Reliable Structural Shape Optimization Tool J. Sienz and E. Hinton	343
12.5	Tool Design Optimization in Extrusion Processes A. Mihelic and B. Stok	359
13	FINITE ELEMENT MESH GENERATION
13.1	Mesh Generation and Data Structures for the Finite Element Analysis of Shear Wall Buildings N.K. Oztorun, E. Citipitioglu and N. Akkas	367
13.2	Mesh Generation for Arch and Arch-Gravity Dams J.P.F. O'Connor	383
13.3	Improved Adaptive Quadrilateral Mesh Generation using Fission Elements B. Cheng and B.H.V. Topping	391
13.4	Parallel Adaptive Tetrahedral Mesh Generation J. Wilson and B.H.V. Topping	403
14	VECTOR AND PARALLEL PROCESSING
14.1	Vectorization using a Personal Computer Y.-P. Huang, Y.-C. Kuo, S.-C. Lee, C.-P. Chen and M.-S. Liu	427
14.2	Finite Element Analysis Package for Static and Dynamic Bridge Analysis T.E. Fenske and J. Yu	437
14.3	Parallel Sub-Domain Generation Method B.H.V. Topping and J. Sziveri	449
14.4	A Parallel Implementation of Recursive Spectral Bisection C. Seale and B.H.V. Topping	459
14.5	Parallel Optimization of Geometrically Nonlinear Truss Structures K.-R. Leimbach and D. Hartmann	475

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