Since the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, a major effort has been underway in California to study seismic behavior of long span steel bridges and to design seismic retrofit. The effort has had three major parts: (a) to conduct seismic vulnerability studies, (b) to conduct necessary tests to establish actual seismic properties of material and components and; (c) to develop seismic retrofit strategies. This paper discusses the studies conducted on the San Francisco Oakland Bay Bridge (SFOBB). The bridge was damaged during the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake and was closed to traffic for one months for repairs. The emphasis of this paper is on summarizing the results of the studies that were done to establish seismic vulnerabilities of this bridge, cyclic tests that were conducted to establish seismic properties and the proposed retrofit concepts. In addition, proposals for two new bridge designs for replacement of the eastern spans of SFOBB.

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