Keywords: masonry buildings, fiber-reinforced polymer, seismic analysis, multi-fan element, plasticity.

Masonry structures are always used from the past until modern times but as a result of material degradation, imposed displacements, and structural alterations some members require strengthening to re-establish their performances. In this framework, fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites applied to the external surface are an effective solution [1]. Despite research effort, there is still a lack of numerical models for masonry, which are accurate, highly efficiency and exhibit good convergence [2,3]. The primary contributions of this paper are the development of a material model for the analysis of the FRP-masonry interface and of a suitable finite element for analysis of masonry buildings subject to seismic actions. The micro-modelling strategy is used to validate the macro-modelling approach and both the results are compared to experimental results of small scale walls and large scale prototypes of buildings. The material model proposed and implemented in the finite element program Diana allows the global full shear force-displacement path of the interface to be obtained [4,5]. The multi-fan element is as an alternative extremely effective for the seismic analysis of masonry buildings [6,7] and has been implemented in the program OpenSees. Zero-length springs are added to the multi-fan element to model shear and bending failure with the cyclic effects. This approach has been used to analyse the experimental building prototypes studied at the University of Pavia [8] and the Georgia Institute of Technology [9].

1

T.C. Triantafillou, "Strengthening of masonry structures using epoxy-bonded FRP laminates", Composites for Constructions, ASCE, 96-104, 1998. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(1998)2:2(96)

2

P.B. Lourenço, J.G. Rots, "A multi-surface interface model for the analysis of masonry structures", Journal Engineering Mechanics, 123(7), 660-668, 1997. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(1997)123:7(660)

3

F. Braga, D. Liberatore, "A Finite Element for the Analysis of the Response of Masonry Buildings under Seismic Actions", Proc. of the 5NAMC, Urbana, U.S.A., 1990.

4

C. Maruccio, P.B. Lourenço, D.V. Oliveira, "Development of a constitutive model for the masonry-Frp interface behaviour", Proc. of the 8th World Congress on Computational Mechanics, Venice, 30 June-4 July, 2008.

5

C. Maruccio, D.V. Oliveira, P.B. Lourenço, "Nonlinear finite element analysis of FRP strengthened masonry arches", Proc. of the the third Italian Conference of Mechanics of masonry structures strengthened with composite materials (MuRiCo3), Venice, 22-24 April, 2009.

6

F. Braga, M. Dolce, "A method for the analysis of seismic-safe multi-storey buildings", Proc. 6th I.B.Ma.C., Rome: 1088-1099, 1982.

7

F. Braga, D. Liberatore, "Elastic Potential Energy, Force Vector and Stiffness of a No-Tension Panel", Atti dell'Istituto di Scienza e Tecnica delle Costruzioni, 18, Potenza, Italy, 1990.

8

G. Magenes, G.M. Calvi, "Perspectives for the calibration of simplified methods for the seismic analysis of masonry walls", in L. Gambarotta, (Editor), "Masonry Mechanics between theory and practice", Proc. Nat. Conf., Messina, 503-512, 18-20 September 1996.

9

T. Yi, "Large-scale testing of a two-story URM structure", Ph.D Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 2004.

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