Computational Technology Resources - CCP

Keywords: laminate, interface, delamination, discrete element model, impact.

Summary

A three-dimensional discrete element model (DEM) [1,2] was used to simulate the dynamic damage process of a cross-ply fiber reinforced polymer laminate (0°/90°/0°/90°) under a low-velocity impact. Nominal fibers were defined in the longitudinal and transverse directions to describe the anisotropic behavior in 0° ply and 90° ply. Both the matrix and the nominal fibre are considered as brittle elastic materials. The interface between the fibre and matrix, and the interface between different plies were represented by cohesive softening model which is similar to the cohesive zone model (CZM). It was possible to model a quarter of the laminate due to symmetry, in order to reduce the computational time. The specimen was supported by two walls and impacted by a rigid ball which represented the projectile. The matrix cracking, debonding between fibre-matrix and delamination between plies were simulated successfully using the DEM model. It can be observed from the numerical results obtained from the three-dimensional DEM modeling that the delamination initiated at the beginning of the impact and propagated into the specimen with the penetration of the impacting ball. Numerical results show that the geometry of the delamination area agrees well with existing experimental and finite element results [3]. The accumulated damage of the specimen increases with the impacting displacement, while the impacting velocity decreases with an increase in the impacting displacement which is represented by the computation steps here. However, the model will need further modifications to incorporate more realistic fibre models and the DEM micro parameters should be calibrated via a series of mechanical experiments in the future work, especially the ply interface strength which can be estimated by double cantilever beam test. Also, a larger DEM model which includes hundreds thousands of particles would better represent the details of the microstructure of the laminate and could be another focus of future work.

References

1: P.A. Cundall, O.D.L. Strack, "A discrete mumerical model for granular assemblies", Géotechnique, 29(1), 47-65, 1979.
2: Itasca Consulting Group Inc, "PFC3D (particle flow code in 3-dimensions), Version 4.00", Minneapolis, Minnesota, 2009.
3: F. Aymerich, F. Dore, P. Priolo, "Prediction of impact-induced delamination in cross-ply composite laminates using cohesive interface elements", Composites Science and Technology, 68, 2383-2390, 2008. doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2007.06.015

purchase the full-text of this paper (price £20)

go to the previous paper
go to the next paper
return to the table of contents
return to the book description
purchase this book (price £140 +P&P)

	Computational & Technology Resources an online resource for computational, engineering & technology publications
	not logged in - login
Front Page Browse CCP CSETS CTR IJRT Other Authors Search Purchase Guide FAQ Contact us	Civil-Comp Proceedings ISSN 1759-3433 CCP: 91 PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWELFTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CIVIL, STRUCTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING COMPUTING Edited by: B.H.V. Topping, L.F. Costa Neves and R.C. Barros Paper 191 Three-Dimensional Discrete Element Modeling of the Damage Behaviour of Cross-Ply Laminate under Low-Velocity Impact D.M. Yang¹, Y.Q. Tan², J.Q. Ye¹ and Y. Sheng¹ ¹School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, United Kingdom ²School of Mechanical Engineering, Xiangtan University, P.R. China doi:10.4203/ccp.91.191 purchase the full-text of this paper Full Bibliographic Reference for this paper D.M. Yang, Y.Q. Tan, J.Q. Ye, Y. Sheng, "Three-Dimensional Discrete Element Modeling of the Damage Behaviour of Cross-Ply Laminate under Low-Velocity Impact", in B.H.V. Topping, L.F. Costa Neves, R.C. Barros, (Editors), "Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference on Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering Computing", Civil-Comp Press, Stirlingshire, UK, Paper 191, 2009. doi:10.4203/ccp.91.191 Keywords: laminate, interface, delamination, discrete element model, impact. Summary A three-dimensional discrete element model (DEM) [1,2] was used to simulate the dynamic damage process of a cross-ply fiber reinforced polymer laminate (0°/90°/0°/90°) under a low-velocity impact. Nominal fibers were defined in the longitudinal and transverse directions to describe the anisotropic behavior in 0° ply and 90° ply. Both the matrix and the nominal fibre are considered as brittle elastic materials. The interface between the fibre and matrix, and the interface between different plies were represented by cohesive softening model which is similar to the cohesive zone model (CZM). It was possible to model a quarter of the laminate due to symmetry, in order to reduce the computational time. The specimen was supported by two walls and impacted by a rigid ball which represented the projectile. The matrix cracking, debonding between fibre-matrix and delamination between plies were simulated successfully using the DEM model. It can be observed from the numerical results obtained from the three-dimensional DEM modeling that the delamination initiated at the beginning of the impact and propagated into the specimen with the penetration of the impacting ball. Numerical results show that the geometry of the delamination area agrees well with existing experimental and finite element results [3]. The accumulated damage of the specimen increases with the impacting displacement, while the impacting velocity decreases with an increase in the impacting displacement which is represented by the computation steps here. However, the model will need further modifications to incorporate more realistic fibre models and the DEM micro parameters should be calibrated via a series of mechanical experiments in the future work, especially the ply interface strength which can be estimated by double cantilever beam test. Also, a larger DEM model which includes hundreds thousands of particles would better represent the details of the microstructure of the laminate and could be another focus of future work. References 1 P.A. Cundall, O.D.L. Strack, "A discrete mumerical model for granular assemblies", Géotechnique, 29(1), 47-65, 1979. 2 Itasca Consulting Group Inc, "PFC3D (particle flow code in 3-dimensions), Version 4.00", Minneapolis, Minnesota, 2009. 3 F. Aymerich, F. Dore, P. Priolo, "Prediction of impact-induced delamination in cross-ply composite laminates using cohesive interface elements", Composites Science and Technology, 68, 2383-2390, 2008. doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2007.06.015 purchase the full-text of this paper (price £20) go to the previous paper go to the next paper return to the table of contents return to the book description purchase this book (price £140 +P&P)
Back to top	©Civil-Comp Limited 2023 - terms & conditions