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Keywords: climate change, global warming, thermal performance, parametric study, light steel residential building.

Summary

In this work, the impact of global warming [1] and the importance of some parameters (ventilation, overhangs shading, windows shade devices and glazing) in the passive thermal performance of a light steel residential building were studied. A detailed numerical model [2,3] was implemented to simulate the thermal behaviour of this dwelling. This model was calibrated and validated by comparison with the data obtained in a real light steel residential house, built in Portugal during the summer-autumn period, under passive thermal conditions.

The root mean square error was only 0.5°C in the office studio, while the average value for the four monitored main dwellings was 0.7°C. Using the previously calibrated numerical model, a parametric study was carried out. Three climatic temperature conditions were used: "Aver. (1-7 Sep)", "Max. (14-20 Jul)" and "IPCC (+4.5°C)". This building exhibits a satisfactory thermal performance even in extreme conditions (outdoor temperature increase of 4.5°C) with small indoor thermal amplitudes (2°C average value for the entire house).

Taking into account the studied parametric scenarios and the IPCC climate scenario, the main conclusions of this study are:

Natural Ventilation: is an effective cooling passive strategy allowing an indoor temperature reduce of 2.2°C (-7%) for a 1.2 ac/h;
Overhangs Shading: provide a considerable reduction in solar gains by keeping away the direct solar radiation from the glazed openings and avoiding an indoor temperature increase up to 3.4°C (+11%). Horizontal overhangs are much more efficient;
Windows Shading Devices: allow the control of daylight and solar gains through fenestration. In this building, if there is no interior shade roll, the indoor temperature would increase 1.0°C (+3%). An exterior shade roll is more efficient allowing a temperature reduction of 6%;
Windows Glazin: is generally responsible for the loss (or gain) of an enormous amount of heat by both radiation and conduction. In this case study, given the glazed openings shading provided by both overhangs and shade roll, the average heat gains by radiation were lower than the heat loss by conduction, leading to a decrease of the indoor temperature (-2%) for both glazing scenarios.

The correct knowledge and application of adequate construction details enables the thermal passive behaviour of buildings to be increased and reducing the energy demand for cooling or heating, maintaining the occupants comfort level and reducing the greenhouse gas emissions. This kind of concern and knowledge is vital for the sustainability of our planet and humankind.

References

1: "Climate change 2007: The Physical Science Basis", Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Cambridge University Press, NY, USA, 2007.
2: EnergyPlus software version 2.2.0.025, http://www.energyplus.gov, 2008.
3: DesignBuilder software version 1.6.9.003, http://www.designbuilder.co.uk, 2008.

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Front Page Browse CCP CSETS CTR IJRT Other Authors Search Purchase Guide FAQ Contact us	Civil-Comp Proceedings ISSN 1759-3433 CCP: 91 PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWELFTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CIVIL, STRUCTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING COMPUTING Edited by: B.H.V. Topping, L.F. Costa Neves and R.C. Barros Paper 109 Global Warming and the Thermal Performance of Light Steel Residential Buildings: Parametric Study P. Santos¹, H. Gervásio², L. Simões da Silva³ and A. Gameiro Lopes⁴ ¹CICC, Civil Engineering Department, University of Coimbra, Portugal ²ISISE, GIPAC Lda, Coimbra, Portugal ³ISISE, Civil Engineering Department, University of Coimbra, Portugal ⁴ADAI, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Coimbra, Portugal doi:10.4203/ccp.91.109 purchase the full-text of this paper Full Bibliographic Reference for this paper , "Global Warming and the Thermal Performance of Light Steel Residential Buildings: Parametric Study", in B.H.V. Topping, L.F. Costa Neves, R.C. Barros, (Editors), "Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference on Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering Computing", Civil-Comp Press, Stirlingshire, UK, Paper 109, 2009. doi:10.4203/ccp.91.109 Keywords: climate change, global warming, thermal performance, parametric study, light steel residential building. Summary In this work, the impact of global warming [1] and the importance of some parameters (ventilation, overhangs shading, windows shade devices and glazing) in the passive thermal performance of a light steel residential building were studied. A detailed numerical model [2,3] was implemented to simulate the thermal behaviour of this dwelling. This model was calibrated and validated by comparison with the data obtained in a real light steel residential house, built in Portugal during the summer-autumn period, under passive thermal conditions. The root mean square error was only 0.5°C in the office studio, while the average value for the four monitored main dwellings was 0.7°C. Using the previously calibrated numerical model, a parametric study was carried out. Three climatic temperature conditions were used: "Aver. (1-7 Sep)", "Max. (14-20 Jul)" and "IPCC (+4.5°C)". This building exhibits a satisfactory thermal performance even in extreme conditions (outdoor temperature increase of 4.5°C) with small indoor thermal amplitudes (2°C average value for the entire house). Taking into account the studied parametric scenarios and the IPCC climate scenario, the main conclusions of this study are: Natural Ventilation: is an effective cooling passive strategy allowing an indoor temperature reduce of 2.2°C (-7%) for a 1.2 ac/h; Overhangs Shading: provide a considerable reduction in solar gains by keeping away the direct solar radiation from the glazed openings and avoiding an indoor temperature increase up to 3.4°C (+11%). Horizontal overhangs are much more efficient; Windows Shading Devices: allow the control of daylight and solar gains through fenestration. In this building, if there is no interior shade roll, the indoor temperature would increase 1.0°C (+3%). An exterior shade roll is more efficient allowing a temperature reduction of 6%; Windows Glazin: is generally responsible for the loss (or gain) of an enormous amount of heat by both radiation and conduction. In this case study, given the glazed openings shading provided by both overhangs and shade roll, the average heat gains by radiation were lower than the heat loss by conduction, leading to a decrease of the indoor temperature (-2%) for both glazing scenarios. The correct knowledge and application of adequate construction details enables the thermal passive behaviour of buildings to be increased and reducing the energy demand for cooling or heating, maintaining the occupants comfort level and reducing the greenhouse gas emissions. This kind of concern and knowledge is vital for the sustainability of our planet and humankind. References 1 "Climate change 2007: The Physical Science Basis", Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Cambridge University Press, NY, USA, 2007. 2 EnergyPlus software version 2.2.0.025, http://www.energyplus.gov, 2008. 3 DesignBuilder software version 1.6.9.003, http://www.designbuilder.co.uk, 2008. purchase the full-text of this paper (price £20) go to the previous paper go to the next paper return to the table of contents return to the book description purchase this book (price £140 +P&P)
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