Computational Technology Resources - CCP

Keywords: biomedical engineering, body mass index, body mass distribution index, type 2 diabetes mellitus, intensive insulin therapy, body building.

Summary

The risk of metabolic syndrome is strongly associated with abdominal obesity. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM) together with coronary artery disease form the core of the metabolic syndrome chronic health conditions and lead to about 30% of deaths in the United States. Type 2 DM is a chronic cardiovascular disease. It affects both large and small blood vessels. Disease of the small blood vessels leads to blindness, kidney failure, and amputations. Diseases of the large blood vessels lead to myocardial infarction and stroke.

The existing metrics for abdominal obesity are complex, depend on gender and nationality, and do not perform well for the shortest 15% and the tallest 15% of the population. Development of a new metric is required in the form of an index that accurately and fundamentally represents abdominal obesity, is independent of gender, and is easily interpreted.

The new metric named the body mass distribution index (BDI) was developed to meet the above requirements. The BDI was calibrated using body measurements collected by IDEA from 168,000 primary care patients in 63 countries on five continents [1]. The resultant index is given by 90 times the ratio of waist circumference squared to height squared. Its units are kg/m². The BDI is unbiased with respect to gender.

The IDEA study showed that, on average, throughout the world, the body mass index (BMI) for men (27.1 kg/m²) is nearly identical to the BMI for women (27.0 kg/m²) to within the accuracy of the study. The calibration factor for the BDI was determined in a way such that the average BDI for men and women was also nearly identical worldwide. However, both the BMI and BDI vary from one geographic region to another and the variation differs between the two. The BDI uses the same scale for interpretation of normal, overweight and abdominal obesity as does the BMI, facilitating its adoption. The interpretation of the two indices differs for underweight.

The difference between BMI and BDI for any given individual represents a difference in distribution of body mass. For example, people with a high percentage of lean muscle mass tend to have a BMI as much as 8 kg/m² greater than their BDI because muscle mass is concentrated in the shoulders, buttocks, and limbs rather than around the abdomen.

The development objectives for the Body Mass Distribution Index (BDI) were met yielding an index that accurately represents distribution of body mass. The BDI is being used by the Deep South Diabetes Program in development of individualized treatment programs for type 2 DM and assessment of patient progress.

References

1: B. Balkau, J. Deanfield, J.P. Després, J.P. Bassan, K. Fox, S. Smith, P. Barter, C. Tan, L. Van Gaal, H.U. Wittchen, C. Massien, S. Haffner, "International Day for the Evaluation of Abdominal Obesity (IDEA) A Study of Waist Circumference, Cardiovascular Disease, and Diabetes Mellitus in 168,000 Primary Care Patients in 63 Countries", Circulation, 116, 17, 1942-1951, 2007. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.676379

purchase the full-text of this paper (price £20)

go to the previous paper
go to the next paper
return to the table of contents
return to the book description
purchase this book (price £95 +P&P)

	Computational & Technology Resources an online resource for computational, engineering & technology publications
	not logged in - login
Front Page Browse CCP CSETS CTR IJRT Other Authors Search Purchase Guide FAQ Contact us	Civil-Comp Proceedings ISSN 1759-3433 CCP: 89 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENGINEERING COMPUTATIONAL TECHNOLOGY Edited by: M. Papadrakakis and B.H.V. Topping Paper 156 An Engineered System of Care: Development of the Body Mass Distribution Index J. Duane¹^,² ¹Department of Civil Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, United States of America ²Deep South Diabetes Program, Savannah, Tennessee, United States of America doi:10.4203/ccp.89.156 purchase the full-text of this paper Full Bibliographic Reference for this paper J. Duane, "An Engineered System of Care: Development of the Body Mass Distribution Index", in M. Papadrakakis, B.H.V. Topping, (Editors), "Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Engineering Computational Technology", Civil-Comp Press, Stirlingshire, UK, Paper 156, 2008. doi:10.4203/ccp.89.156 Keywords: biomedical engineering, body mass index, body mass distribution index, type 2 diabetes mellitus, intensive insulin therapy, body building. Summary The risk of metabolic syndrome is strongly associated with abdominal obesity. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM) together with coronary artery disease form the core of the metabolic syndrome chronic health conditions and lead to about 30% of deaths in the United States. Type 2 DM is a chronic cardiovascular disease. It affects both large and small blood vessels. Disease of the small blood vessels leads to blindness, kidney failure, and amputations. Diseases of the large blood vessels lead to myocardial infarction and stroke. The existing metrics for abdominal obesity are complex, depend on gender and nationality, and do not perform well for the shortest 15% and the tallest 15% of the population. Development of a new metric is required in the form of an index that accurately and fundamentally represents abdominal obesity, is independent of gender, and is easily interpreted. The new metric named the body mass distribution index (BDI) was developed to meet the above requirements. The BDI was calibrated using body measurements collected by IDEA from 168,000 primary care patients in 63 countries on five continents [1]. The resultant index is given by 90 times the ratio of waist circumference squared to height squared. Its units are kg/m². The BDI is unbiased with respect to gender. The IDEA study showed that, on average, throughout the world, the body mass index (BMI) for men (27.1 kg/m²) is nearly identical to the BMI for women (27.0 kg/m²) to within the accuracy of the study. The calibration factor for the BDI was determined in a way such that the average BDI for men and women was also nearly identical worldwide. However, both the BMI and BDI vary from one geographic region to another and the variation differs between the two. The BDI uses the same scale for interpretation of normal, overweight and abdominal obesity as does the BMI, facilitating its adoption. The interpretation of the two indices differs for underweight. The difference between BMI and BDI for any given individual represents a difference in distribution of body mass. For example, people with a high percentage of lean muscle mass tend to have a BMI as much as 8 kg/m² greater than their BDI because muscle mass is concentrated in the shoulders, buttocks, and limbs rather than around the abdomen. The development objectives for the Body Mass Distribution Index (BDI) were met yielding an index that accurately represents distribution of body mass. The BDI is being used by the Deep South Diabetes Program in development of individualized treatment programs for type 2 DM and assessment of patient progress. References 1 B. Balkau, J. Deanfield, J.P. Després, J.P. Bassan, K. Fox, S. Smith, P. Barter, C. Tan, L. Van Gaal, H.U. Wittchen, C. Massien, S. Haffner, "International Day for the Evaluation of Abdominal Obesity (IDEA) A Study of Waist Circumference, Cardiovascular Disease, and Diabetes Mellitus in 168,000 Primary Care Patients in 63 Countries", Circulation, 116, 17, 1942-1951, 2007. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.676379 purchase the full-text of this paper (price £20) go to the previous paper go to the next paper return to the table of contents return to the book description purchase this book (price £95 +P&P)
Back to top	©Civil-Comp Limited 2023 - terms & conditions