Pipeline network simulation is an essential tool for control and operation of municipal water supply and distribution system because it can be used to simulate and analyse network behaviour under different operation conditions. This analysis helps to ensure that the pressure and flow conditions are satisfactory to consumers. One of the challenges of pipeline network operation is how the operational procedures can be adjusted to meet the dynamic and future demands of customers [1]. Walski et al. [2] suggested that analyses of pressures and flows in pipeline networks are needed whenever significant changes in patterns and magnitudes of demands or supplies occur. In the absence of such analyses, the operational procedures may not be optimal, resulting in unnecessarily high operating costs. To overcome these problems, pipeline network simulations can be used to predict the behaviour of pressures and flows throughout the systems.

Various numerical models for the pipeline network have been developed in the past. The sub-program "LOOPS" in SMADA (Stormwater Management and Design Aid) developed by Wanielista et al. [3] is one of examples. Recently, Kritpiphat et al. [4] proposed a pipeline network simulation model. In the model both Hard-Cross and Newton-Raphson methods have been used to calculate the flow rate and major friction head losses. However, most numerical models for pipeline network system have considered the friction coefficient remaining a constant during the numerical procedure. This assumption is only valid when the initial guess of flow rate is close to the exact solution. If the initial guess values are far from the exact solution, their models will be broken.

In this study, we establish a new numerical model for a pipeline network, which considers the friction coefficient varying as the flow rates change. A friendly interactive window system is also included, which allows users to make their own design. The programs were implemented in MATLAB. The solution for pipe network system can be determined using Hardy-Cross method and Newton-Raphson Method. A comprehensive comparison between Hardy-Cross Method and Newton- Raphson Method will be performed. The effects of friction factor on the estimation of pipeline network system will be discussed. References

1

P.R. Bhave, "Analysis of Flow in Water Distribution Networks", Technomic Publishing, Lancaster, PA, 1991.

2

T.M. Walski, "Pipe Network Modelling: Video Learning System for CYBERNET Software", Haestad Methods: Waterbury, 1994.

3

M. Wabielista, R., Kersten, R. Eaglin, "Hydrology", second Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1997

4

W. Kritpiphat, P. Tontiwachwuthikul, C.W. Chan, "Pipeline Network Modelling and Simulation for Intelligent Monitoring and Control: A Case Study of a Municipal Water Supply System", Industrial Engineering Chemical Research, 37, 1033-1044, 1998. doi:10.1021/ie970424a

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