Three-dimensional CAD and CG, which make use of advanced computer technology, has lately attracted considerable attention. Also attracting attention is photogrammetric technology[1,2,3] to acquire three-dimensional coordinate data from two-dimensional image data recorded by digital cameras. Photographing and the determination of measuring points are more difficult even for experts in ground photogrammetry, for which the demand is increasing, as compared with the same tasks in aerial photogrammetry which is used for the preparation of maps and so on. Accordingly it takes enormous labor and time to obtain accurate three-dimensional coordinate data by ground photogrammetry and, therefore, it has hardly been put to practical use yet. Under the circumstances, the object of the present study was to develop a system which enables us, without requiring expensive apparatuses or expertise, to create 3D model spaces easily and quickly just by taking two- dimensional digital photographs.

Outline of the System

In present study, we have established a new technology by using an automatic decision method, which can obtain the optimal passpoint. This technique offers everybody to obtain 3D model from two sheets of digital photographs easily. In the system developed in this study:

1. Photogrammetry function[4,5,6],
2. Decision function of the sub-optimal pass points, and
3. the Translator function for the 3D model is developed.

Figure 10.1: Outline of the System

The modules of present system is illustrated in Figure 10.1.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that anybody could obtain three-dimensional coordinate data on subjects easily, regardless of kinds of digital cameras and photographing methods, with the system constructed in this study which determined optimal pass points automatically. Established with respect to subjects such as balls and curved surfaces which require a long calculation time was a method for calculating sub- optimal solutions quickly by using genetic algorithm[7]. Because the processing to acquire the corresponding points on the image was made manually, it took a long time to extract the corresponding points. Accordingly the system was unable to make 3D models quickly. The authors will study for automatic acquisition of corresponding points on images and a practical method of easy, quick, accurate 3D modeling.

1

Analytical Photogrammetry Committee of Japan, "Analytical Photogrammetry (Revised edition)", Japanese Society for Photogrammetry, 1997.

2

Karl Kraus, "Photogrammetry", Gijutsu Shoin Co. Ltd., 1993.

3

Panton, D.J., "A Flexible Approach to Digital Stereo Mapping", Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, Vol. 44, No. 12, pp. 1499-1512, 1975.

4

Richards, J.A., "Remote Sensing Digital Image Analysis", Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 43-44, 1986.

5

Remote Sensing Society of Japan, "Processing and Analysis of Images", Kyoritsu Shuppan Co. Ltd., 1986.

6

Takagi Mikio and Shimoda Haruhisa, "Handbook of Image Analysis", Publishing Circle, Tokyo University, 1998.

7

Furuta Hitoshi, "Application of Genetic Algorithm to Structural Engineering", Morikita Shuppan Co. Ltd., 1997.

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