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Keywords: whole body vibration (WBV), ovariectomy, morphological characteristics, structural modulus.

Summary

Osteoporosis, a disease characterized by the progressive loss of bone tissue, is one of the most common complications related with aging. A public health problem and national economy are increased by osteoporosis accompanied with several injuries like a vertebral fracture. Osteoporotic vertebral fractures are a major health care problem in the world. Some researchers investigated the beneficial effect of mechanical stimulation in ovariectomized OVX rats bone. Oxlund et al. [1] investigated that mechanical stimulation appeared to prevent the decrease in the strength of the bone in OVX rats. Rubin et al. [2,3,4] reported that low magnitude and high frequency in mechanical stimulation appeared to weaken decrement rate of bone mass in animal. Flieger et al. [6] reported that mechanical stimulation was effective to prevent bone loss in OVX rats.

In the present study, not only morphologies but also mechanical characteristics in the lumbar vertebra of rats were investigated. The effects of whole body vibration(WBV) using finite element (FE) models were studied based on micro computed tomography (Micro-CT, Skyscan-1076, Skyscan, Belgium).

For this study, 14-weeks old Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Nine rats were randomly assigned to five groups(CON : 2, SHAM : 2, WBV 17 : 1, WBV 30 : 2 and WBV 45 : 2) for study. All the rats except the SHAM group were ovariectomized to induce osteoporosis. The subject in the WBV groups were stimulated with vibration (magnitude: 1 mm_peak-peak and frequency 17Hz, 30Hz and 45 Hz, 30 minutes/day for 5 days/week) for eight weeks. The fourth lumbars of the rats were scanned by Micro-CT with 35μm resolution at week 0 (just before vibration) and again at week 8 (after vibration). Voxel models with 70×70×70μm cubic blocks for finite element analysis were generated from the acquired images. Simulated compression tests of 3D FE models, 4mm×4mm×4mm cubic specimens, were performed to investigate the mechanical characteristics in the whole vertebral bone model of the 4th lumbar vertebra. Displacement boundary conditions were applied to the specimens to simulate a compression test. Structure parameters of trabecular bone were investigated and analyzed by using in-vivo micro-CT.

The results showed that 45Hz vibration was the smallest quantity loss and the least change of structure shape in the trabecular bone. The relative values of structural modulus in groups of WBV 17Hz and 45Hz were bigger than CON. The present study investigated the effect of whole body vibration in OVX rats bone. Vibrations with magnitude 1mm_peak-peak, and frequency 17Hz, 30Hz and 45Hz respectively were stimulated to WBV groups. The group of WBV 45Hz showed that decrement rates of structure parameters in trabecular bone were the smallest. The result indicated that vibration with 45Hz, 1mm_peak-peak was possible to reduce the loss of trabecular bone mass and have a beneficial effect on the trabecular bones of OVX rats. Relative values of the structural modulus in groups of WBV 17Hz and WBV 45Hz increased. These result showed that vibration with 17Hz and 45Hz was able to prevent reducing bone strength.

In the present study, some vibrations, especially 45Hz and 1mm_peak-peak, had a beneficial effect on the quality of OVX bones as well as quantity. The use of this kind of vibration will be able to prevent bone loss in osteoporosis and weakening bones and replace medicines (such as estrogen-hormone or bishosphonates) by vibration.

References

1: B.S. Oxlund, G.. Ørotft, T.T. Andreassen, and H. Oxlund "Low-intensity, high frequency vibration appears to prevent the decrease in strength of the femur and tibia associated with ovariectomy of adult rats", BONE, 32, 69-77, 2003. doi:10.1016/S8756-3282(02)00916-X
2: C. Rubin, A.S. Turner, R. Müller, E. Mittra, K. Mcleod, W. Lin and Y.X. Qin, "Quantity and Quality of Trabecular Bone in the Femur Are Enhanced by a Strongly Anabolic, Noninvasive Mechanical Intervention", Journal of bone and mineral research, 17, 349-357, 2002. doi:10.1359/jbmr.2002.17.2.349
3: C.T. Rubin, D.W. Sommerfeldt, S. Judex and Y.X. Qin, "Inhibition of osteopenia by low magnitude, high-frequency mechanical stimuli", DDT, 6, 848-858, 2001. doi:10.1016/S1359-6446(01)01872-4
4: C.T. Rubin, S. Turner, S. Bain, "Low mechanical signals strengthen long bone", Nature, 412, 603-604, 2001. doi:10.1038/35088122
5: C. Rubin, C. Li, Y. Syn, C. Fritton, K.McLeod, "Non-invasive stimulation of trabeucular bone formation via low magnitude, high frequency strain", 41st Orthop Res Soc, 20, 548, 1995.
6: J. Flieger, Th. Karachalios, L. Khaldi, P. Raptou and G. Lyritis, "Mechanical Stimulation in the Form of Vibration Prevents Postmenopausal Bone Loss in Ovariectomized Rats", Calcif Tissue Int, 63, 510-5, 1998. doi:10.1007/s002239900566

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Front Page Browse CCP CSETS CTR IJRT Other Authors Search Purchase Guide FAQ Contact us	Civil-Comp Proceedings ISSN 1759-3433 CCP: 84 PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENGINEERING COMPUTATIONAL TECHNOLOGY Edited by: B.H.V. Topping, G. Montero and R. Montenegro Paper 187 Detecting and Tracking Effect of Mechanical Stimulation on the Osteoporotic Bone of OVX Rats Using In-Vivo Micro-CT and Micro Finite Element Analysis C.Y. Ko¹, T.W. Lee¹, D.G. Woo¹, B.Y. Lee² and H.S. Kim¹ ¹Research Institute for Medical Instrumentation and Rehabilitation Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health science, Yonsei University, Korea ²Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Kunkuk University, Korea doi:10.4203/ccp.84.187 purchase the full-text of this paper Full Bibliographic Reference for this paper C.Y. Ko, T.W. Lee, D.G. Woo, B.Y. Lee, H.S. Kim, "Detecting and Tracking Effect of Mechanical Stimulation on the Osteoporotic Bone of OVX Rats Using In-Vivo Micro-CT and Micro Finite Element Analysis", in B.H.V. Topping, G. Montero, R. Montenegro, (Editors), "Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Engineering Computational Technology", Civil-Comp Press, Stirlingshire, UK, Paper 187, 2006. doi:10.4203/ccp.84.187 Keywords: whole body vibration (WBV), ovariectomy, morphological characteristics, structural modulus. Summary Osteoporosis, a disease characterized by the progressive loss of bone tissue, is one of the most common complications related with aging. A public health problem and national economy are increased by osteoporosis accompanied with several injuries like a vertebral fracture. Osteoporotic vertebral fractures are a major health care problem in the world. Some researchers investigated the beneficial effect of mechanical stimulation in ovariectomized OVX rats bone. Oxlund et al. [1] investigated that mechanical stimulation appeared to prevent the decrease in the strength of the bone in OVX rats. Rubin et al. [2,3,4] reported that low magnitude and high frequency in mechanical stimulation appeared to weaken decrement rate of bone mass in animal. Flieger et al. [6] reported that mechanical stimulation was effective to prevent bone loss in OVX rats. In the present study, not only morphologies but also mechanical characteristics in the lumbar vertebra of rats were investigated. The effects of whole body vibration(WBV) using finite element (FE) models were studied based on micro computed tomography (Micro-CT, Skyscan-1076, Skyscan, Belgium). For this study, 14-weeks old Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Nine rats were randomly assigned to five groups(CON : 2, SHAM : 2, WBV 17 : 1, WBV 30 : 2 and WBV 45 : 2) for study. All the rats except the SHAM group were ovariectomized to induce osteoporosis. The subject in the WBV groups were stimulated with vibration (magnitude: 1 mm_peak-peak and frequency 17Hz, 30Hz and 45 Hz, 30 minutes/day for 5 days/week) for eight weeks. The fourth lumbars of the rats were scanned by Micro-CT with 35μm resolution at week 0 (just before vibration) and again at week 8 (after vibration). Voxel models with 70×70×70μm cubic blocks for finite element analysis were generated from the acquired images. Simulated compression tests of 3D FE models, 4mm×4mm×4mm cubic specimens, were performed to investigate the mechanical characteristics in the whole vertebral bone model of the 4th lumbar vertebra. Displacement boundary conditions were applied to the specimens to simulate a compression test. Structure parameters of trabecular bone were investigated and analyzed by using in-vivo micro-CT. The results showed that 45Hz vibration was the smallest quantity loss and the least change of structure shape in the trabecular bone. The relative values of structural modulus in groups of WBV 17Hz and 45Hz were bigger than CON. The present study investigated the effect of whole body vibration in OVX rats bone. Vibrations with magnitude 1mm_peak-peak, and frequency 17Hz, 30Hz and 45Hz respectively were stimulated to WBV groups. The group of WBV 45Hz showed that decrement rates of structure parameters in trabecular bone were the smallest. The result indicated that vibration with 45Hz, 1mm_peak-peak was possible to reduce the loss of trabecular bone mass and have a beneficial effect on the trabecular bones of OVX rats. Relative values of the structural modulus in groups of WBV 17Hz and WBV 45Hz increased. These result showed that vibration with 17Hz and 45Hz was able to prevent reducing bone strength. In the present study, some vibrations, especially 45Hz and 1mm_peak-peak, had a beneficial effect on the quality of OVX bones as well as quantity. The use of this kind of vibration will be able to prevent bone loss in osteoporosis and weakening bones and replace medicines (such as estrogen-hormone or bishosphonates) by vibration. References 1 B.S. Oxlund, G.. Ørotft, T.T. Andreassen, and H. Oxlund "Low-intensity, high frequency vibration appears to prevent the decrease in strength of the femur and tibia associated with ovariectomy of adult rats", BONE, 32, 69-77, 2003. doi:10.1016/S8756-3282(02)00916-X 2 C. Rubin, A.S. Turner, R. Müller, E. Mittra, K. Mcleod, W. Lin and Y.X. Qin, "Quantity and Quality of Trabecular Bone in the Femur Are Enhanced by a Strongly Anabolic, Noninvasive Mechanical Intervention", Journal of bone and mineral research, 17, 349-357, 2002. doi:10.1359/jbmr.2002.17.2.349 3 C.T. Rubin, D.W. Sommerfeldt, S. Judex and Y.X. Qin, "Inhibition of osteopenia by low magnitude, high-frequency mechanical stimuli", DDT, 6, 848-858, 2001. doi:10.1016/S1359-6446(01)01872-4 4 C.T. Rubin, S. Turner, S. Bain, "Low mechanical signals strengthen long bone", Nature, 412, 603-604, 2001. doi:10.1038/35088122 5 C. Rubin, C. Li, Y. Syn, C. Fritton, K.McLeod, "Non-invasive stimulation of trabeucular bone formation via low magnitude, high frequency strain", 41st Orthop Res Soc, 20, 548, 1995. 6 J. Flieger, Th. Karachalios, L. Khaldi, P. Raptou and G. Lyritis, "Mechanical Stimulation in the Form of Vibration Prevents Postmenopausal Bone Loss in Ovariectomized Rats", Calcif Tissue Int, 63, 510-5, 1998. doi:10.1007/s002239900566 purchase the full-text of this paper (price £20) go to the previous paper go to the next paper return to the table of contents return to the book description purchase this book (price £105 +P&P)
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